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هرمون FSH (الهرمون المنبه للجريب)
الهرمون المنبّه للجريب (FSH) يُنتَج بواسطة الغدة النخامية وهو ضروري لوظيفة الإنجاب طوال الحياة. قد تساعد مراقبة FSH في الكشف المبكر عن التغيرات الهرمونية المرتبطة بالعمر.
هرمون LH (الهرمون الملوتن)
LH هرمون تفرزه الغدة النخامية ويؤدي دوراً محورياً في الصحة الإنجابية للرجال والنساء على حد سواء. كجزء من تقييم هرموني شامل، يمكن أن تُساعد مراقبة LH في تقييم وظيفة الغدة النخامية والغدد التناسلية.
Urine Nitrite
Nitrite is not normally found in urine. Certain bacteria convert nitrate into nitrite, so a positive dipstick result can be a sign of a bacterial urinary tract infection.
Urine Leukocytes
Urine leukocytes are white blood cells detected in the urine by a dipstick test. They are normally absent, and their presence can point to inflammation somewhere in the urinary tract.
Urine Sediment Leukocytes
Sediment leukocytes are white blood cells counted under the microscope in spun-down urine. A few are normal; a higher number can point to inflammation or infection in the urinary tract.
Monocytes
Monocytes are the largest white blood cells and part of your complete blood count. They clear away dead cells and pathogens and turn into macrophages in your tissues. A raised count often fits a chronic infection, inflammation or recovery after an infection. This page explains what your monocyte result can mean.
Urine Bilirubin
Bilirubin is a yellow pigment formed when red blood cells break down. It is normally not found in urine, so a positive dipstick result can point to the liver or bile ducts.
Non-HDL Cholesterol
Non-HDL cholesterol is your total cholesterol minus your HDL cholesterol. What remains is the cholesterol carried inside every particle that can lodge in an artery wall: LDL, IDL, VLDL, the remnant particles left after fat digestion, and Lp(a). One number, in other words, for the entire atherogenic burden, and no extra test is needed to obtain it. The strength of non-HDL lies in what it does not need. No formula is involved and you do not have to fast. Precisely where a calculated LDL becomes unreliable, with high triglycerides or after a meal, non-HDL still holds. The upper limit of 3.3 mmol/l printed on your result is a population reference value, not a target. What counts as a good value for you depends on your risk profile.
LDL/HDL Ratio
The LDL/HDL ratio is your LDL cholesterol divided by your HDL cholesterol. It is not a separate measurement: the laboratory calculates it from two values that have already been determined. A value below 3 is generally considered acceptable. Be aware of the limitation. No guideline sets a target for this ratio. Both the European and the Dutch guideline steer on LDL itself, with non-HDL cholesterol and ApoB as secondary goals. The ratio is therefore an indication, not a treatment target. On top of that, every ratio hides the absolute numbers. Two people with exactly the same ratio can carry very different amounts of harmful cholesterol in their blood. Always read the ratio alongside the individual values it was calculated from.
Urine pH
Urine pH describes how acidic or alkaline your urine is. It naturally varies through the day with diet, hydration and other factors, and usually falls between roughly 4.5 and 8.0.
Urine Specific Gravity
Specific gravity reflects how concentrated your urine is, which is closely tied to how well hydrated you are. It typically ranges from about 1.002 to 1.035.
Urine Blood
This dipstick result detects blood in the urine that may not be visible to the eye. Blood can come from anywhere in the urinary tract and has many possible causes, from infection to kidney stones.
Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
The cholesterol/HDL ratio is your total cholesterol divided by your HDL. The number summarises how your favourable and unfavourable cholesterol relate to each other. A lower ratio points to a more favourable profile and a lower cardiovascular risk. Learn what your value can mean.
Urine Squamous Epithelial Cells
Squamous epithelial cells line the lower urinary and genital tract. A few in the urine are normal; larger numbers usually mean the sample picked up cells from the skin around the urethra rather than signalling disease.
Urine Ketones
Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy instead of glucose. Small amounts can appear during fasting or a low-carbohydrate diet, while higher levels can have a medical cause.
Urine Glucose
Glucose is normally reabsorbed by the kidneys and is not present in urine. When blood sugar is high, glucose can spill into the urine and show up on a dipstick test.