Haemoglobin (Hb) is one of the most well-known blood values. This iron-containing protein in your red blood cells transports oxygen throughout your body.
Normal values
Men: 8.5-11.0 mmol/L. Women: 7.5-10.0 mmol/L. Pregnant women: 6.9-9.6 mmol/L (physiologically lower).
Too low (anaemia)
Most commonly caused by iron deficiency. Other causes include B12/folate deficiency, chronic blood loss and chronic disease. Symptoms: fatigue, pallor, dizziness, shortness of breath.
Too high
Less common. Causes include dehydration, smoking, lung disease, high altitude and rarely polycythaemia vera.
Improving haemoglobin
For iron-deficiency anaemia: eat iron-rich foods, combine with vitamin C, avoid tea/coffee with meals. With supplementation, haemoglobin typically rises 0.5-1.0 mmol/L per month.
Frequently asked questions
Can I have low haemoglobin without symptoms?
Yes, especially if the decline is gradual. A blood test is the only reliable way to check.
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