Cholesterol: what is it, normal values and how to lower it

Cholesterol is one of the most discussed blood values in cardiovascular health. But what exactly is it, when is it too high, and what can you do?

What is cholesterol?

A fatty substance needed for cell membranes, hormones and vitamin D. Transported in LDL ("bad" - deposits in arteries) and HDL ("good" - removes excess from blood vessels).

Normal values (fasting, mmol/L)

Total: below 5.0. LDL: below 3.0. HDL: men above 1.0, women above 1.3. Triglycerides: below 1.7.

How to lower cholesterol

Replace saturated fat with unsaturated, eat more fibre, exercise 150+ min/week, stop smoking, limit alcohol and lose excess weight. If lifestyle is insufficient, statins can reduce LDL by 30-50%.

When to test

Everyone over 35 should test at least every 5 years. More frequently with risk factors.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need to fast?

Yes, 8-12 hours for reliable LDL and triglyceride values.

Eggs and cholesterol?

Dietary cholesterol has less impact on blood cholesterol than previously thought. Saturated and trans fats matter more.